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FOTO ATLAS
SYSTEMATIK


MINERAL CLASSIFICATION / SYSTEMATIK der MINERALE

           based on E.H. Nickel & M.C. Nichols (2009), H. Strunz & E.H. Nickel (2001)



9. SILICATES
(Silicates, Germanates)


9.E: Phyllosilicates


9.EA. Phyllosilicates with single nets of tetrahedra with 4-, 5-, 6-, 8-, and 14-membered rings
 
9.EA.05. Searlesite
 
Searlesite NaBSi2O5(OH)2 G

Searlesite contains single layers of nets of borate and silicate tetrahedra with 4- and 5-membered rings.


 
9.EA.07. Bavenite group
 
Bavenite Ca4Be2+xAl2-xSi9O26-x(OH)2+x (x = 0 - 1) orth., Cmcm Rd
Bohseite Ca4Be4Si9O24(OH)4 orth., Cmcm Rd

Bavenite and Bohseite structures: layers of 4- and 6-membered rings of SiO4, (Si,Al)O4 and (Si,Be)O4 tetrahedra, linked by (Si,Al)O4 tetrahedra and Ca.


 
9.EA.10. Gillespite group
 
Gillespite BaFe2+Si4O10O
Cuprorivaite CaCuSi4O10O
Wesselsite SrCuSi4O10O
Effenbergerite BaCuSi4O10O

The minerals of the gillespite group contain single layers of nets of tetrahedra with 4- and 8-membered rings.


 
9.EA.12. Ekanite
 
Ekanite Ca2ThSi8O20 tetr., I422 FOTO A


 
9.EA.15. Shlykovite group
 
Shlykovite KCaSi4O9(OH)·3H2O mon., P21/c FOTO IMA 2008-062
Cryptophyllite K2CaSi4O10·5H2O mon., P21/n FOTO IMA 2008-061

The crystal structures of Shlykovite and Cryptophyllite contain layers with 4- and 8-membered rings. The layers are composed of 3-periodic loop-branched chains with a 4-membered ring of tetrahedra, connected in a way that additionally 8-membered rings are formed. Two tetrahedral layers are connected via an octahedral component of edge-sharing chains of CaO5(H2O) octahedra, forming TOT blocks. K is situated in voids of the octahedral layer. The interlayer between the TOT blocks contains in Shlykovite only H2O, and in Cryptophyllite K and H2O (Zubkova et al., 2010).


 
9.EA.17. Apophyllite group
 
Fluorapophyllite-(Na) NaCa4Si8O20F·8H2O tetr., P4/mnc IMA 1976-032, Rn
Hydroxyapophyllite-(K) KCa4Si8O20(OH,F)·8H2O tetr., P4/mnc Rn
Fluorapophyllite-(K) KCa4Si8O20F·8H2O tetr., P4/mnc Rn
Fluorapophyllite-(Cs) CsCa4Si8O20F·8H2O tetr., P4/mnc IMA 2018-108a
Fluorapophyllite-(NH4) (NH4)Ca4Si8O20F·8H2O tetr., P4/mnc IMA 2019-083
Hydroxymcglassonite-(K) KSr4Si8O20(OH,F)·8H2O tetr., P4/mnc IMA 2020-066

The minerals of the apophyllite group contain single layers of nets of tetrahedra with 4- and ellipsoid 8-membered rings.


 
9.EA.20. Cavansite
 
Cavansite Ca(V4+O)(Si4O10)·4H2O orth., Pcmn IMA 1967-019

Cavansite structure: layers of 4- and ellipsoid 8-membered rings of silicate tetrahedra. The layers are connected by irregular CaO4(OH2)4 polyhedra and VO5 square based pyramids (Hughes et al., 2011).


 
9.EA.22. Bussyite group
 
Bussyite-(Y) (Y,REE,Ca)3(Na,Ca)6MnSi9Be5(O,F,OH)34 mon., C2/c IMA 2014-060
Bussyite-(Ce) (Ce,REE)3(Na,H2O)6MnSi9Be5(O,OH)30F4 mon., C2/c IMA 2007-039

Bussyite structure: layers of 4-, 5- and 8-membered rings of SiO4, (Si,Be)O4 and BeO3F tetrahedra.


 
9.EA.25. Semenovite-(Ce)
 
Semenovite-(Ce) (Na,K)9Fe2+Ce2(Si,Be)20(O,OH,F)48 IMA 1971-036

Semenovite-(Ce): layers of 4-, 5- and 8-membered rings of SiO4 and BeO4 tetrahedra. Alternatively, the structure motif can be described as branched 6-periodic single silicate chains, connected by BeO4 tetrahedra.


 
9.EA.27. Vladykinite
 
Vladykinite Na3Sr4(Fe2+Fe3+)Si8O24 mon., P21/c IMA 2011-052

Vladykinite: layers of 4-, 5- and 8-membered rings of SiO4 and FeO4 tetrahedra.


 
9.EA.30. Perettiite-(Y) group
 
Perettiite-(Y) Y2Mn2+4Fe2+[Si2B8O24] orth., Pnma IMA 2014-109
Badakhshanite-(Y) Y2Mn2+4Al[Si2B7BeO24] orth., Pnma IMA 2018-085

Perettiite-(Y) structure: borosilicate layers of 4-, 5- and 8-membered rings.


 
9.EA.32. Dalyite group
 
Davanite K2TiSi6O18 tric., P1 IMA 1982-100
Dalyite K2ZrSi6O18 tric., P1 G

Dalyite and Davanite are phyllosilicates containing corrugated layers of 4-, 6- and 8-membered rings.


 
9.EA.35. Sazhinite group
 
Sazhinite-(La) Na3LaSi6O15·2H2O orth., Pmm2 IMA 2002-042a
Sazhinite-(Ce) Na3CeSi6O15·2H2O orth., Pmm2 IMA 1973-060

Sazhinite-(Ce) and -(La) structures: corrugated layers of 4-, 6- and 8-membered rings, similar to the minerals from the Dalyite group.


 
9.EA.37. Armstrongite
 
Armstrongite CaZr(Si6O15)·2H2O mon., C2/m IMA 1972-018

Armstrongite is a phyllosilicate containing corrugated layers of 4-, 6- and 8-membered rings.


 
9.EA.40. Yakovenchukite-(Y)
 
Yakovenchukite-(Y) K3NaCaY2Si12O30·4H2O orth., Pcca IMA 2006-002

Yakovenchukite-(Y) structure: single corrugated tetrahedral layers with 4-, 6- and 14-membered rings, connected by YO6 tetrahedra. Ca2+, K+, and Na+ cations are located within the framework cavities (Krivovichev et al., 2007).


 
9.EA.42. Nekoite
 
Nekoite Ca3Si6O15·7H2O tric., P1 G

Nekoite is a phyllosilicate containing layers of composition (Si6O15)6-, with 5- and ellipsoid 8-membered rings. The structure can be described as two 3-periodic chains are connected to a double chain with 5-membered rings. In one chain, all three silicate tetrahedra pointing up, in the other chain one is pointing up, the other two down. These double chains are connected to a layer, forming additional 8-membered rings (Alberti & Gallo, 1980).


 
9.EA.45. Okenite
 
Okenite Ca10Si18O46·18H2O tric., P1 G

Okenite is an Ino-Phyllosilicate. The structure contains layers of 5- and 8-membered rings of silicate tetrahedra, with composition (Si6O15)6-, and 3-periodic double chains with composition (Si6O16)8-. Layers and chains are connected by octahedral coordinated Ca to give complex layers. These complex layers alternate with Ca-water sheets. The structural formula is [Ca8(Si6O16)(Si6O15)2(H2O)6][Ca2(H2O)9·3H2O].


 
9.EA.47. Zeravshanite
 
Zeravshanite Cs4Na2Zr3(Si18O45)·2H2O mon., C2/c IMA 2003-034

The crystal structure of zeravshanite contains layers of 5- and 8-membered rings of silicate tetrahedra.


 
9.EA.50. Pentagonite
 
Pentagonite Ca(V4+O)(Si4O10)·4H2O orth., Ccm21 IMA 1971-039

The crystal structure of pentagonite contains layers of hexagonal 6-membered rings of silicate tetrahedra. The layer can be described as 4-periodic chains connected to a network, with all silicate tetrahedra pointing up in one chain, alternating with a chain with all silicate tetrahedra pointing down (Evans, 1973).


 
9.EA.52. Plumbophyllite
 
Plumbophyllite Pb2(Si4O10)·H2O orth., Pbcn IMA 2008-025

The crystal structure of plumbophyllite contains layers of ellipsoid 6-membered rings of silicate tetrahedra.


 
9.EA.55. Sanbornite
 
Sanbornite Ba2Si4O10 orth., Pmcn G

Sanbornite structure: single corrugated tetrahedral layers with ellipsoidal 6-membered rings, alternating with layers of Ba in coordination number 9 (Hesse & Liebau, 1980).


 
9.EA.57. Silinaite
 
Silinaite NaLiSi2O5·2H2O mon., A2/n IMA 1990-028

Silinaite structure: single corrugated tetrahedral layers with ellipsoidal 6-membered rings, alternating with layers of LiO4 tetrahedra and Na(H2O)4O2 octahedra (Grice, 1991).


 
9.EA.60. Lipuite
 
Lipuite KNa8Mn5Mg0.5[Si12O30(OH)4](PO4)O2(OH)2(H2O)4 orth., Pnm IMA 2014-085

Lipuite structure: single corrugated tetrahedral layers with 14-membered rings, linked by cations.



 
 
9.EB. Phyllosilicates with double and triple layers of tetrahedra with 4-, 5-, 6-, 7- and 8-membered rings
 
9.EB.05. Rhodesite
 
Rhodesite K2Ca4[Si16O36(OH)2]·10H2O orth., Pmam G
Macdonaldite BaCa4[Si16O36(OH)2]·10H2O orth., Pmam IMA 1964-010
Melansonite NaKZr[Si8O19]·5H2O orth., Pmam IMA 2018-168

The crystal structures of Rhodesite and Macdonaldite contain layers with 4- and 8-membered rings. The layers are composed of 3-periodic loop-branched chains with a 4-membered ring of tetrahedra, connected in a way that additionally 8-membered rings are formed. These layers are forming double-layers with a channel system, defined by 8-membered rings along b and 8-membered rings along c. The channels are occupied by K and H2O in rhodesite and by K and H2O in Macdonaldite. The double-layers are connected via octahedrally coordinated Ca (Hesse et al., 1992; Cannillo et al., 1968).


 
9.EB.10. Delhayelite group
 
Delhayelite K4Na2Ca2[AlSi7O19]F2Cl orth., Pmmn FOTO A
Fivegite K4Ca2[AlSi7O17(O2-x(OH)x)](H2O)2-x(OH)xCl    (x = 0 - 2)
orth., Pm21n IMA 2009-067
Hydrodelhayelite KCa2[AlSi7O17(OH)2](H2O)6 orth., Pn21m IMA 1979-023

The crystal structure of Delhayelite contains double-layers with 4- and 8-membered rings, similar to the double layers in Rhodesite. The channels are occupied by K and Cl. The double-layers are connected via octahedrally coordinated Ca (Cannillo et al., 1970); Pekov et al., 2009). The crystal structure of Fivegite and Hydrodelhayeleite are very similar. Hydrodelhayelite is also closely related to rhodesite.


 
9.EB.15. Monteregianite-(Y)
 
Monteregianite-(Y) Na4K2Y2[Si16O38]·10H2O mon., P21/n IMA 1972-026

The crystal structure of Monteregianite-(Y) contains double-layers with 4- and 8-membered rings, similar to the double layers in Rhodesite. The channels in the double layer are occupied by K and H2O. The double-layers parallel (010) are connected via an open octahedral sheet composed of [YO6] and three distinct [NaO4(H2O)2] octahedra (Ghose et al., 1987).


 
9.EB.20. Carletonite
 
Carletonite KNa4Ca4Si8O18(CO3)4(OH)·H2O tetr., P4/mbm IMA 1969-016
Fluorcarletonite KNa4Ca4Si8O18(CO3)4F·H2O tetr., P4/mbm IMA 2019-038

The crystal structure of Carletonite contains double-layers with 4- and 8-membered rings, similar to the double layers in Rhodesite and related minerals. Additionally, carbonate layers are present (Chao, 1972).


 
9.EB.25. Ajoite
 
Ajoite K3Cu20Al3Si29O76(OH)16·8H2O tric. A

The crystal structure of Ajoite contains non-planar layers with 5-, 6- and 7-membered rings. These layers are forming double-layers with a large channel-system, defined by elliptical 12-membered rings along a and circular 8-membered rings along b. The double-layers are connected via octahedrally coordinated Cu (Pluth & Smith, 2002).


 
9.EB.30. Diegogattaite
 
Diegogattaite Na2CaCu2Si8O20·H2O mon., C2/m IMA 2012-096

The crystal structure of Diegogattaite contains double layers of SiO4-tetrahedra.


 
9.EB.35. Odigitriaite
 
Odigitriaite CsNa5Ca5[Si14B2O38]F2 mon., C2/c IMA 2015-028

The crystal structure of Odigitriaite contains double borosilicate layers, of 6-membered hexagonal rings of SiO4-tetrahedra and 6-membered ellipsoid rings of SiO4 and BO4-tetrahedra.


 
9.EB.40. Esquireite
 
Esquireite BaSi6O13·7H2O mon., C2 IMA 2014-066


 
9.EB.45. Chiappinoite-(Y)
 
Chiappinoite-(Y) Y2Mn(Si3O7)4 orth., Ibam IMA 2014-040

The crystal structure of Chiappinoite-(Y) contains triple-layer blocks, consisting of sinuous batisite-like chains and four-membered silicate rings. Y and Mn are situated between the silicate layer blocks (Kampf & Housley, 2015).


 
9.EB.50. Günterblassite group
 
Günterblassite (K,Ca,Ba,Na,)3Fe[(Si,Al)13O25(O,OH)4]·7H2O orth., Pnm21 IMA 2011-032
Hillesheimite (K,Ca,Ba,)2(Mg,Fe,Ca,)2[(Si,Al)13O23(O,OH)6]·8H2O orth., Pmmn IMA 2011-080

The crystal structure of Günterblassite contains Rhodesite-type layers with 4- and 8-membered rings. These layers are connected to a triple-layer block. In the middle layer additional tetrahedra are present.


 
9.EB.55. Umbrianite
 
Umbrianite K7Na2Ca2[Al3Si10O29]F2Cl2 IMA 2011-074



 
 
9.EC. Phyllosilicates with mica sheets, composed of tetrahedral and octahedral nets
 
9.EC.05. Pyrophyllite group (di-octahedral TOT layer structures)
 
Pyrophyllite Al2Si4O10(OH)2
Ferripyrophyllite Fe3+2Si4O10(OH)2


 
9.EC.10. Talc group (tri-octahedral TOT layer structures)
 
Talc Mg3Si4O10(OH)2
Minnesotaite Fe2+3Si4O10(OH)2
Willemseite Ni3Si4O10(OH)2


 
9.EC.15. Muscovite group (di-octahedral TOT layer structures + cations)
 
Aluminoceladonite KMgAl(Si4O10)(OH)2 A
Ferroaluminoceladonite KFe2+Al(Si4O10)(OH)2 IMA 1995-019
Manganiceladonite KMgMn3+(Si4O10)(OH)2 IMA 2015-052
Celadonite KMgFe3+(Si4O10)(OH)2 A
Ferroceladonite KFe2+Fe3+(Si4O10)(OH)2 FOTO IMA 1995-018
Chromceladonite KMgCr3+(Si4O10)(OH)2 IMA 1999-024
Boromuscovite KAl2(Si3BO10)(OH)2 IMA 1989-027
Paragonite NaAl2(Si3AlO10)(OH)2 A
Muscovite KAl2(Si3AlO10)(OH)2 A
Nanpingite CsAl2(Si3AlO10)(OH)2 IMA 1987-006
Tobelite (NH4)Al2(Si3AlO10)(OH)2 IMA 1981-021
Roescoelite KV3+2(Si3AlO10)(OH)2 A
Chromphyllite KCr3+2(Si3AlO10)(OH)2 IMA 1995-052
Montdorite KFe2+1.5Mn2+0.5Mg0.5(Si2Al2O10)(OH)2 Rd
Ganterite Ba0.5(Na,K)0.5Al2(Si2.5Al1.5O10)(OH)2 IMA 2000-033


 
9.EC.20. Biotite group (tri-octahedral TOT layer structures + cations)
 
Polylithionite KLi2Al(Si4O10)F2 IMA 1989-019
Sokolovaite CsLi2Al(Si4O10)F2 mon., C2/m, C2, Cm IMA 2004-012
Kreiterit CsLi2Fe(Si4O10)F2 mon., C2/m, C2, Cm IMA 2019-041
Orlovite KLi2Ti(Si4O10)(OF) IMA 2009-006
Gorbunvite CsLi2(Ti,Fe)(Si4O10)(F,OH,O)2 IMA 2017-040
Norrishite KLiAlMn3+(Si4O10)(OH)2 IMA 1989-019
Tainiolite KLiMg2(Si4O10)F2 G
Garmite CsLiMg2(Si4O10)F2 mon. IMA 2017-008
Shirokshinite KNaMg2(Si4O10)F2 IMA 2001-063
Yangzhumingite KMg2.5(Si4O10)F2 IMA 2009-017
Balestraite KLi2V5+(Si4O10)O2 IMA 2013-080
Voloshinite Rb(LiAl1.50.5)(Si3.5Al0.5O10)F2 IMA 2007-052
Aspidolite NaMg3(Si3AlO10)(OH)2 IMA 2004-049
Wonesite (Na,K,)0.5(Mg,Fe,Al)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH,F)2 IMA 1979-007a
Phlogopite KMg3(Si3AlO10)(OH)2 G
Fluorophlogopite KMg3(Si3AlO10)F2 IMA 2006-011
Tetraferriphlogopite KMg3(Si3Fe3+O10)(OH)2 Rn
Fluorotetraferriphlogopite KMg3(Si3Fe3+O10)F2 IMA 2010-018
Oxyphlogopite K(Mg,Ti,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(O,F)2 IMA 2009-069
Shirozulite KMn2+3(Si3AlO10)(OH)2 IMA 2001-045
Annite KFe2+3(Si3AlO10)(OH)2 FOTO A
Fluorannite KFe2+3(Si3AlO10)F2 IMA 1999-048
Tetraferriannite KFe2+3(Si3Fe3+O10)(OH)2 Rn
Suhailite (NH4)Fe2+3(Si3AlO10)(OH)2 IMA 2007-040
Hendricksite KZn3(Si3AlO10)(OH)2 IMA 1965-027
Trilithionite KLi1.5Al1.5(Si3AlO10)F2 FOTO Rd
Luanshiweiite KLiAl1.5(Si3.5Al0.5O10)(OH)2 mon. IMA 2011-102
Fluorluanshiweiite KLiAl1.5(Si3.5Al0.5O10)F2 mon. IMA 2019-053
Masutomilite KLiAlMn2+(Si3AlO10)(OH)2 IMA 1974-046
Ephesite NaLiAl2(Si2Al2O10)(OH)2 A
Preiswerkite NaMg2Al(Si2Al2O10)(OH)2 IMA 1979-008
Siderophyllite NaFe2+2Al(Si2Al2O10)(OH)2 A
Eastonite KMg2Al(Si2Al2O10)(OH)2 Rd


 
9.EC.25. Margarite group, brittle mica (di-octahedral TOT layer structures + cations)
 
Margarite CaAl2(Si2Al2O10)(OH)2 A
Chernykhite BaV2(Si2Al2O10)(OH)2 IMA 1972-006


 
9.EC.30. Clintonite group, brittle mica (tri-octahedral TOT layer structures + cations)
 
Clintonite CaAlMg2(SiAl3O10)(OH)2 A
Ferrokinoshitalite BaFe2+3(Si3AlO10)(OH)2 IMA 1999-026
Fluorokinoshitalite BaMg3(Si3AlO10)F2 IMA 2010-001
Kinoshitalite BaMg3(Si3AlO10)(OH)2 IMA 1973-011
Oxykinoshitalite BaMg2Ti4+(Si2Al2O10)O2 IMA 2004-013
Anandite BaFe2+3(Si3Fe3+O10)S(OH) IMA 1966-005
Bityite CaLiAl2(Si2BeAlO10)(OH)2 A


 
9.EC.35. Montmorillonite group, Smectite (di-octahedral TOT layer structures + interlayer cations and water)
 
Montmorillonite (Na,Ca)0.3(Al,Mg)2Si4O10(OH)2·nH2O G
Beidellite (Na,Ca)0.3Al2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2·nH2O G
Nontronite (Na,Ca)0.3Fe3+2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2·nH2O A
Volkonskoite Ca0.3(Cr,Mg)2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2·4H2O FOTO Rd
Yakhontovite (Ca,Na,K)0.2(Cu,Fe,Mg)2Si4O10(OH)2·3H2O IMA 1984-032a
Kurumsakite Zn8Al8V5+2Si5O35·27H2O (?) Q


 
9.EC.40. Saponite group, Smectite (tri-octahedral TOT layer structures + interlayer cations and water)
 
Saponite (Ca,Na)0.3(Mg,Fe)3(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2·4H2O G
Ferrosaponite (Ca,Na)0.3(Fe2+,Mg,Fe3+)3(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2·4H2O IMA 2002-028
Sauconite Na0.3Zn3(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2·4H2O G
Swinefordite Ca0.2(Li,Al,Mg,Fe)3(Si,Al)4O10(OH,F)2·4H2O IMA 1973-054
Hectorite Na0.3(Mg,Li)3Si4O10(F,OH)2·nH2O Q
Stevensite (Ca,Na)xMg3-ySi4O10(OH)2 (?) Q
Spadaite MgSiO2(OH)2·H2O (?) Q
Zincsilite Zn3Si4O10(OH)2·3.5H2O Q


 
9.EC.45. Vermiculite (tri-octahedral TOT layer structures + interlayer cations and water)
 
Vermiculite Mg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4·8H2O G


 
9.EC.50. Chlorite group (TOT+O layer structures)
 
Clinochlore Mg5Al(Si3Al)O10(OH)8 G
Chamosite (Fe2+,Mg,Al,Fe3+)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH,O)8 G
Pennantite Mn2+5Al(Si3Al)O10(OH)8 G
Gonyerite Mn2+5Fe3+(Si3Fe3+)O10(OH)8 G
Nimite (Ni,Mg,Al)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8 A
Baileychlore (Zn,Fe2+,Al,Mg)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8 IMA 1986-056
Cookeite (Al,Li)3Al2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8 G
Borocookeite LiAl4(Si3B)O10(OH)8 IMA 200-013
Sudoite Mg2Al3(Si3Al)O10(OH)8 FOTO IMA 1966-027
Donbassite Al2.33Al2(Si3Al)O10(OH)8 G
Glagolevite Na(Mg,Al)6(Si3Al)O10(OH,O)8 IMA 2001-064
Franklinfurnaceite Ca2Mn2+3Mn3+Fe3+2Zn2Si2O10(OH)8 IMA 1986-034


 
9.EC.55. Mixed layer mineral group
 
Aliettite Ca0.2Mg6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4·4H2O Rd
Corrensite (Ca,Na,K)1-x(Mg,Fe,Al)9(Si,Al)8O20(OH)10·nH2O G
Dozyite Mg7Al2(Si4Al2)O15(OH)12 IMA 1993-042
Hydrobiotite K(Mg,Fe)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4·nH2O Rd
Kulkeite Na0.3Mg8Al(Si,Al)8O20(OH)10 IMA 1980-031
Lunijianlaite Li0.7Al6.2(Si7Al)O20(OH,O)10 IMA 1989-056
Rectorite (Na,Ca)Al4(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4·2H2O A
Saliotite (Li,Na)Al3(Si3Al)O10(OH)5 IMA 1990-018
Tosudite Na0.5(Mg,Al)6(Si,Al)8O18(OH)12·5H2O G
Brinrobertsite (Na,K,Ca)0.3(Al,Fe,Mg)4(Si,Al)8O18(OH)4·3.5H2O IMA 1997-040
Karpinskite (Mg,Ni)2Si2O5(OH)2 (?) Q


 
9.EC.60. Macaulayite
 
Macaulayite Fe3+24Si4O43(OH)2 IMA 1981-062


 
9.EC.65. Burckhardtite
 
Burckhardtite Pb2(Fe3+Te6+)(AlSi3O8)O6 IMA 1976-052


 
9.EC.70. Surite group
 
Ferrisurite Pb2.4Fe3+2Si4O10(CO3)1.7(OH)3·nH2O IMA 1990-056
Surite (Pb,Ca)3Al2(Si,Al)4O10(CO3)2(OH)3·0.3H2O IMA 1977-037
Niksergievite Ba2Al3(Si,Al)4O10(CO3)(OH)6·nH2O IMA 2002-036


 
9.EC.75. Hanjiangite
 
Hanjiangite Ba2Ca(V3+Al)(AlSi3O10)(OH)2F(CO3)2 mon., C2 IMA 2009-082


 
9.EC.80. Kegelite
 
Kegelite Pb4Al2Si4O10(SO4)(CO3)2(OH)4 IMA 1974-042, Rd



 
 
9.ED. Phyllosilicates with kaolinite sheets, composed of tetrahedral and octahedral nets
 
9.ED.05. Kaolinite group (di-octahedral TO layer structures)
 
Kaolinite Al2Si2O5(OH)4 A
Nacrite Al2Si2O5(OH)4 G
Dickite Al2Si2O5(OH)4 G
Odinite (Fe3+,Mg,Al,Fe2+)2.5(Si,Al)2O5(OH)4 IMA 1988-015


 
9.ED.10. Halloysite group (di-octahedral TO layer structures)
 
Halloysite-7Å Al2Si2O5(OH)4 G
Halloysite-10Å Al2Si2O5(OH)4·2H2O G
Hisingerite Fe2Si2O5(OH)4·2H2O G


 
9.ED.15. Serpentine group (tri-octahedral TO layer structures)
 
Amesite Mg2Al(AlSiO5)(OH)4 G
Guidottiite Mn2Fe3+(Si,Fe3+)2O5(OH)4 IMA 2009-061
Lizardite Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 G
Antigorite Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 Rd
Chrysotile Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 Rd
Caryopilite Mn2+3(Si2O5)(OH)4 A
Kellyite (Mn2+,Mg,Al)3(Si,Al)2O5(OH)4 IMA 1974-002
Berthierine (Fe2+,Fe3+,Al)3(Si,Al)2O5(OH)4 G
Cronstedtite (Fe2+,Fe3+)3(Si,Fe3+)2O5(OH)4 FOTO G
Greenalite (Fe2+,Fe3+)2-3Si2O5(OH)4 G
Brindleyite (Ni,Al)3(Si,Al)2O5(OH)4 IMA 1975-009a
Nepouite Ni3(Si2O5)(OH)4 FOTO Rd
Pecoraite Ni3(Si2O5)(OH)4 IMA 1969-005
Fraipontite (Zn,Al)3(Si,Al)2O5(OH)4 G
Manandonite Li2Al4(Si2AlB)O10)(OH)8 G


 
9.ED.20. Allophane group
 
Allophane Al2O3(SiO2)1.3-2.0·2.5-3.0H2O FOTO G
Imogolite Al2SiO3(OH)4 Rd
Chrysocolla Cu2-xAlxH2-xSi2O5(OH)4·nH2O A
Neotocite (Mn,Fe)SiO3·H2O (?) FOTO G


 
9.ED.25. Bismutoferrite group
 
Chapmanite Fe3+2Sb(Si2O5)O3(OH) A
Bismutoferrite Fe3+2Bi(Si2O5)O3(OH) FOTO G



 
 
9.EE. Phyllosilicates with single tetrahedral nets of 6-membered rings connected by octahedral nets or octahedral bands
 
9.EE.05. Natrosilite
 
Natrosilite Na2Si2O5 IMA 1974-043

Natrosilite structure: single corrugated tetrahedral layers with ellipsoidal 6-membered rings, alternating with Na layers.


 
9.EE.07. Makatite
 
Makatite NaSi2O4(OH)·2H2O mon., P22/c IMA 1969-003

Makatite structure: single corrugated tetrahedral layers with nearly rectangular 6-membered rings, alternating with Na-H2O-layers (Annehed et al., 1982).


 
9.EE.10. Kanemite
 
Kanemite NaSi2O4(OH)·3H2O orth., Pbcn IMA 1971-050

Kanemite structure: single corrugated tetrahedral layers with distorted ellipsoidal 6-membered rings, alternating with octahedral Na-H2O-layers (Garvie et al., 1999).


 
9.EE.12. Bementite
 
Bementite Mn2+7Si6O15(OH)8 mon., P21/c Rd

Bementite structure: single undulating tetrahedral layers with 5-, 6- and 7-membered rings alternate with octahedral layers (Heinrich et al., 1994).


 
9.EE.15. Innsbruckite
 
Innsbruckite Mn2+33(Si2O5)14(OH)38 mon., Cm IMA 2013-038


 
9.EE.17. Varennesite
 
Varennesite Na8Mn2Si10O25(OH,Cl)2·12H2O orth., Cmcm IMA 1994-017

Varennesite structure: single undulating tetrahedral layers with 4-, 6- and 10-membered rings, alternating with Na- and Mn-octahedra layers (Grice & Gault, 1995).


 
9.EE.20. Pyrosmalite group
 
Friedelite Mn2+8Si6O15(OH)10 G
Pyrosmalite-(Mn) Mn2+8Si6O15(OH)10 Rn
Pyrosmalite-(Fe) Fe2+8Si6O15(OH)10 Rn
Mcgillite Mn2+8Si6O15(OH)8Cl2 IMA 1979-024

Pyrosmalite structure: single tetrahedral layers with 4-, 6- and 12-membered rings alternate with octahedral layers of brucite-type.


 
9.EE.22. Schallerite group
 
Nelenite Mn2+16As3+3Si12O36(OH)17 IMA 1982-011
Schallerite Mn2+16As3+3Si12O36(OH)17 G


 
9.EE.25. Fedorite group [Reyerite-Gyrolite structural group]
 
Fedorite (K,Na)2.5(Ca,Na)7Si16O38(OH,F)2·3.5H2O tric., P1 A
Lalondeite (Na,Ca)6(Ca,Na)3Si16O38(F,OH)2·3H2O tric., P1 IMA 2002-026

Fedorite structure: a sequence of 3 layers (octahedral + double tetrahedral). The tetrahedral layers are of the same type as in Gyrolite. Na, K and H2O occur in the channels of the double tetrahedral layer (Mitchell & Burns, 2001). Sequence [O T " T "]n (Merlino, 1988 a).


 
9.EE.27. Cairncrossite [Reyerite-Gyrolite structural group]
 
Cairncrossite Sr2Ca7(Si4O10)4(OH)2·15H2O tric., P1 IMA 2013-012


 
9.EE.30. Ellingsenite [Reyerite-Gyrolite structural group]
 
Ellingsenite Na5Ca6Si18O38(OH)13·6H2O tric., P1 IMA 2009-041

Ellingsenite structure: a sheet of 3 layers (tetrahedral + octahedral + tetrahedral), sequence [T " O T " X ]n. A part of the silica is probably located in the interlayer, resulting in a structural formula NaCa3[Si8O19(OH)]{(NaOH)1.5Si(OH)4(H2O)3} (Yakovenchuk et al, 2011).


 
9.EE.32. Kodamaite [Reyerite-Gyrolite structural group]
 
Kodamaite Na5-xCa5Si16O36(OH)4F2·10H2O tric., P1 IMA 2018-134


 
9.EE.35. Martinite [Reyerite-Gyrolite structural group]
 
Martinite (Na,,Ca)12Ca4(Si,S,B)14B2O38(OH,Cl)2F2·4H2O tric., P1 IMA 2001-059

Martinite structure: a sheet of 3 layers (tetrahedral + octahedral + tetrahedral). The tetrahedral layers are of the same type as in Gyrolite, but 6-membered rings of SiO4 tetrahedra are linked by (Si,B)O4- and BO3(OH) tetrahedra. Na and H2O occur in the interlayer between the sheets (McDonald & Chao, 2007). Sequence [T " O T " X ]n (Merlino, 1988 a).


 
9.EE.37. Gyrolite [Reyerite-Gyrolite structural group]
 
Gyrolite NaCa16(Si23Al)O60(OH)8·14H2O tric., P1 G

Gyrolite structure: sheets composed of 5 layers (tetrahedral + octahedral + tetrahedral + octahedral + tetrahedral layers) with composition [Ca14(Si23Al)O60(OH)8]5- alternate with interlayers containing Na, Ca and H2O. The tetrahedral layers are composed of distorted hexagonal and distorted ellipsoid 6-membered rings, with tetrahedra pointing up and other pointing down. Sequence [T " O T ' O T " X ]n (Merlino, 1988 a).


 
9.EE.40. Reyerite [Reyerite-Gyrolite structural group]
 
Reyerite Na2Ca14Al2Si22O58(OH)8·6H2O trig., P3 IMA 1966-029
Truscottitte Ca14Si24O58(OH)8·2H2O trig., P3 G

Reyerite structure: a sequence of 5 layers (tetrahedral + octahedral + double-tetrahedral + octahedral). The tetrahedral layers are of the same type as in Gyrolite. Sequence [T ' O T " T " O]n (Merlino, 1988 a).


 
9.EE.42. Tungusite [Reyerite-Gyrolite structural group]
 
Tungusite Ca14Fe2+9Si24O60(OH)22 tric., P1 IMA 1966-029

Tungusite structure: a sequence of 6 layers (tetrahedral + octahedral + tetrahedral + octahedral + tetrahedral + octahedral). The tetrahedral layers are of the same type as in Gyrolite. Sequence [T ' O T " X T " O]n (Ferraris et al., 1995).


 
9.EE.45. Orlymanite [Reyerite-Gyrolite structural group]
 
Orlymanite Ca4Mn2+3Si8O20(OH)6·2H2O trig., P3 or P3 IMA 1988-029

Orlymanite structure: not exactly known, a structure related to Gyrolite and Reyerite is assumed with sheets composed of 8 layers (double-tetrahedral, 4 octahedral and 3 tetrahedral layers) is assumed (Peacor et al., 1990).


 
9.EE.47. Minehillite
 
Minehillite (K,Na)2Ca28Zn5Al4Si40O112(OH)16 hex., P63/mmc IMA 1983-001

The structure of Minehillite is unknown, but probably related to Gyrolite and Reyerite.


 
9.EE.50. Shafranovskite
 
Shafranovskite Na3K2(Mn,Fe,Na)4[Si9(O,OH)27](OH)2·nH2O trig, P31c IMA 1981-048

Shafranovskite structure: sheets composed of 3 layers, an incomplete tetrahedral layer of isolated groups of three 6-membered rings [Si13(O,OH)37], an octahedral layer of Na- and Mn-octahedra, and a layer of groups of three 6-membered rings connected by additional tetrahedra. The interlayer between the sheets contain K, Na and H2O (Krivovichev et al., 2004).


 
9.EE.52. Zhakharovite
 
Zhakharovite Na4Mn2+5Si10O24(OH)6·6H2O trig, P31m or P3m1 IMA 1981-049

Zhakharovite structure: possibly related to Shafranovskite.


 
9.EE.55. Zeophyllite
 
Zeophyllite Ca13Si10O28(OH)2F8·6H2O trig, R3 G

Zeophyllite structure: sheets composed of 3 layers, a layer of Ca polyhedra is sandwiched between two tetrahedral layers of 12-membered rings. The center of each ring is occupied by a group of 3 Ca polyhedra (Merlino, 1972).


 
9.EE.57. Palygorskite group
 
Palygorskite (Mg,Al)2Si4O10(OH)·4H2O G
Tuperssuatsiaite Na2(Fe3+,Mn2+)3Si8O20(OH)2·4H2O IMA 1984-002
Yofortierite Mn2+5Si8O20(OH)2·7H2O IMA 1974-045
Windhoekite Ca2Fe3+3-xSi8O20(OH)4·10H2O IMA 1984-002
Windmountainite (0.5Mn2+0.5(Fe3+3Mg)Si8O20(OH)2(H2O,OH)4·4H2O mon., C2/m IMA 2018-130
Raite Na3Mn3Ti0.25(Si8O20)(OH)2·10H2O mon., C2/m IMA 1994-017

Raite structure: single corrugated tetrahedral layers with hexagonal 6-membered rings. The layer is composed of 2-periodic single chains, polymerized that 6-membered rings are formed. The apices of the tetrahedra of two neigboring chains are pointing up, and of the next two chains pointing down. The layers are connected by octahedral bands of Na and Mn, resulting in a sepiolite-like framework. The channels are occupied by Na and H2O. In Raite, the inversion of the tetrahedra direction took place after two single-chains, in sepiolite after three single chains.


 
9.EE.60. Sepiolite group
 
Sepiolite Mg4Si6O15(OH)2·6H2O G
Ferrisepiolite (Fe3+,Fe2+,Mg)4(Si,Fe3+)6O15(O,OH)2·6H2O IMA 2010-061
Falcondoite Ni4Si6O15(OH)2·6H2O IMA 1976-018
Loughlinite Na2Mg3Si6O16·6H2O A
Kalifersite K5Fe3+7Si20O50(OH)6·12H2O IMA 1996-007


 
9.EE.62. Intersilite
 
Intersilite Na6Mn(Ti,Nb)Si10(O,OH)28·4H2O mon., I2/m IMA 1995-033

Intersilite structure: single tetrahedral layers with 5-, 6- and 8-membered rings. The structure is related to the palygorskite group.



 
 
9.EF. Phyllosilicates with Double nets with 6-membered and larger rings
 
9.EF.05. Dmisteinbergite
 
Dmisteinbergite Ca(Al2Si2O8) hex., P63/mcm IMA 1989-010
Hexacelsian Ba(Al2Si2O8) hex., P63/mcm IMA 2015-045
Kokchetavite KK3(Al4Si12O32) hex., P6/mcc IMA 2004-011
Wodegongjieite KCa3(Al7Si9O32) hex., P6/mcc IMA 2020-036b

Dmisteinbergite structure: double tetrahedral layers with hexagonal 6-membered rings. The double layers are connected via Ca in the interlayer.


 
9.EF.10. Cymrite
 
Cymrite Ba(Si,Al)4(O,OH)8·H2O mon., P21 G

Cymrite structure: double tetrahedral layers with 6-membered rings. The double layers are connected via Ba in the interlayer. H2O is situated in cavities in the double layer (Drits et al., 1975).


 
9.EF.15. Strätlingite
 
Strätlingite Ca2Al(AlSi)O2(OH)10·H2O trig., R3m IMA 1975-031
Vertumnite Ca4Al2(Si4Al2)O6(OH)24·3H2O IMA 1975-043

Strätlingite structure: alternating octahedral and double tetrahedral layers along [001]. The octahedral layers of hydrocalumite and kuzelite type have the composition [Ca2Al(OH)6(H2O)2]+. The tetrahedral double layers have the composition [(T,)4(OH,O)8(H2O)0.25]-. 45 % of the T sites are vacant. The strätlingite cell contains 3 octahedral and 3 tetrahedral layers.
The vertumnite cell contains 2 octahedral and 2 tetrahedral layers. 36 % of the T sites are vacant. Vertumnite can be regarded as a polytype or polytypoide of strätlingite (Rinaldi et al., 1990).


 
9.EF.20. Naujakasite group
 
Naujakasite Na6Fe2+Al4Si8O26 G
Manganonaujakasite Na6Mn2+Al4Si8O26 IMA 1999-031


 
9.EF.25. Zussmanite group
 
Zussmanite K(Fe,Mg,Mn)13(Si,Al)18O42(OH)14 trig., R3 IMA 1964-018
Coombsite KMn2+13(Si,Al)18O42(OH)14 mon. IMA 1989-058

Zussmanite structure: alternating octahedral layers and tetrahedral double layers. The tetrahedral layers contain 6-membered rings.


 
9.EF.30. Stilpnomelane group
 
Stilpnomelane (K,Ca,Na)(Fe2+,Mg,Al)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)36·nH2O tric., P1 A
Franklinphilite (K,Na)8(Mn2+,Mg,Zn)48(Si,Al)72(O,OH)216·6H2O tric. IMA 1990-050
Lennilenapeite K7(Mg,Mn2+,Fe2+,Zn)48(Si,Al)72(O,OH)216·16H2O tric. IMA 1982-085
Parsettensite (K,Na,Ca)7.5(Mn,Mg)49Si72O168(OH)50·nH2O mon., C2/m G

Stilpnomelane structure: alternating octahedral layers and tetrahedral double layers. The tetrahedral layers contain 6-membered rings.


 
9.EF.35. Bannisterite
 
Bannisterite (Ca,K,Na)(Mn2+,Fe2+)10(Si,Al)16O38(OH)8·nH2O mon., A2/a IMA 1967-005

Bannisterite structure: alternating octahedral layers and tetrahedral double layers. Corrugated tetrahedral layers of 5-, 6- and 7-membered rings are connected to a double layer. The double layers are connected by octahedral Mn layers (Heaney et al., 1992).


 
9.EF.40. Ganophyllite group
 
Ganophyllite (K,Na)xMn6(Si,Al)10O24(OH)4·nH2O orth., Pnma G
Eggletonite (Na,K,Ca)xMn6(Si,Al)10O24(OH)4·nH2O mon., I2/a or Ia IMA 1982-059
Tamaite (Ca,K,Na)xMn6(Si,Al)10O24(OH)4·nH2O mon., P21/a IMA 1999-011

All three minerals: x = 1 - 2, n = 7 - 11.
Ganophyllite structure: alternating octahedral layers and tetrahedral double layers. Corrugated tetrahedral layers of 5-, 6- and 7-membered rings are connected to a double layer. The double layers are connected by octahedral Mn layers. Minerals of the ganophyllite group, are known in different polytypes, superstructures and incommensurate structures (Noe & Veblen, 1999; Hughes et al., 2003).


 
9.EF.45. Middendorfite
 
Middendorfite K3Na2Si12(O,OH)36·2H2O mon., P21/m or P21 IMA 2005-028

Middendorfite is related to Bannisterite and the Ganophyllite group.


 
9.EF.50. Armbrusterite
 
Armbrusterite Na6K5Mn3+Mn2+14(Si9O22)4(OH)10·4H2O mon., C2/m IMA 2006-035

Armbrusterite structure: double silicate [Si9O22] layers consisting of 5-, 6-, 7-, and 8-membered tetrahedra rings. The layers are linked via octahedral sheets formed by Na and Mn octahedra. The interior of the double silicate layers is occupied by K2+ cations and H2O (Yakovenchuk et al., 2007).


 
9.EF.55. Wickenburgite
 
Wickenburgite Pb3AlCaAlSi10O27·4H2O trig, P31c IMA 1968-006

Wickenburgite structure: double layer of one layer with distorted 6-membered rings of Si and Al tetrahedra in the ratio 5 : 1, and one layer with distorted 6-membered rings of Si tetrahedra and Ca octahedra in tha ratio 5 : 1. The double layers are connected via Al octahedra and Pb polyhedra (Lam et al., 1994).


 
9.EF.60. Jagoite
 
Jagoite Pb18Fe3+4[Si4(Si,Fe3+)6][Pb4Si16(Si,Fe)4]O82Cl6 hex., P-62c G

Jagoite structure: double tetrahedral layers with 6-membered rings with Si and Pb tetrahedra, and a single tetrahedral layer with an incomplete net of tetrahedra. In the single layer, one tetrahedra in the 6-membered ring is replaced by a Fe-octahedra. The layers are connected via Fe and Pb. Additional Pb is present in cavities in the double tetrahedral layer (Mellini & Merlino, 1981).


 
9.EF.65. Hyttsjöite
 
Hyttsjöite Pb18Ba2Ca5Mn2+2Fe3+2Si30O90Cl·6H2O IMA 1993-056


 
9.EF.70. Latiumite group
 
Latiumite (Ca,K)4(Si,Al)5O11(SO4,CO3) mon., P21 G
Levantite KCa3(Si,Al)5O11(PO4,SO4) mon., P21 IMA 2017-010
Tuscanite KCa6(Si,Al)10O22(SO4,CO3)2(OH)·H2O mon., P21/a IMA 1976-031
Queitite Pb4(Zn2Si3O11)(SO4) mon., P21 IMA 1978-029

Latiumite structure: corrugated double tetrahedral layers of SiO4- and AlO4-tetrahedra. The double layers are connected via Ca and sulfate. In Queitite, ZnO4 tetrahedra are present, connecting the SiO4 tetrahedra.


 
9.EF.75. Kampfite
 
Kampfite Ba12(Si11Al5)O31(CO3)8Cl5 IMA 2000-003

Kampfite structure: double tetrahedral layers with 6-membered rings, parallel (100). The double layers are connected by a layer of BaO9Cl polyhedra, a carbonate layer, a layer of BaO6Cl6 polyhedra, a carbonate layer and again a layer of BaO9Cl polyhedra (Basciano & Groat, 2007).


 
9.EF.80. Molybdophyllite
 
Molybdophyllite Pb8Mg9(Si10O28)(OH)8O2(CO3)3·H2O mon, C2 G


 
9.EF.85. Britvinite
 
Britvinite Pb14Mg9(Si10O28)(BO3)4(CO3)2(OH)12F2 IMA 2006-031


 
9.EF.90. Roymillerite
 
Roymillerite Pb24Mg9(Si10O28)(BO3)(CO3)10(SiO4)(OH)13O2 tric., P-1 IMA 2016-061


 
9.EF.95. Penkvilksite
 
Penkvilksite Na2TiSi4O11·2H2O mon., P21/c IMA 1973-016
Tumchaite Na2ZrSi4O11·2H2O mon., P21/c IMA 1999-041

Penkvilksite polytypes: Penkvilksite-1M (P21/c), Penkvilksite-2O (orth., Pnca).
The crystal structure of Penkvilksite contains a layer of infinite 6-periodic spirals of silicate tetrahedra in the layer plane. The spirals are growing alternating clockwise and counter-clockwise and share tetrahedra (Merlino et al., 1994).
Tumchaite is isotypic with Penkvilksite-1M.



 
 
9.EG. Transitional structures between phyllosilicate and other silicate units
 
9.EG.05. Neptunite group
 
Magnesioneptunite KNa2Li(Mg,Fe)2Ti2Si8O24O IMA 2009-009
Manganoneptunite KNa2LiMn2+2Ti2Si8O24O Rn
Neptunite KNa2LiFe2+2Ti2Si8O24O G
Watatsumiite KNa2LiMn2+2V2Si8O24O IMA 2001-043


 
9.EG.10. Grumantite
 
Grumantite NaSi2O4(OH)·H2O orth., Fdd2 IMA 1985-029

Grumantite structure: framework of 6-membered rings.


 
9.EG.15. Ussingite
 
Ussingite Na2AlSi3O8(OH) G


 
9.EG.20. Nabesite
 
Nabesite Na2BeSi4O10·4H2O orth., P212121 FOTO IMA 2000-024

The crystal structure of Nabesite contains layers of 4- and 8-membered rings of silicate tetrahedra, connected via BeO4-tetrahedra to a zeolite-like framework (Petersen et al., 2002).


 
9.EG.25. Leifite group
 
Leifite NaNa6[Be2Al3Si15O39F2] trig., P3m1 Rd
Eirikite KNa6[Be2Al3Si15O39F2] trig., P3m1 IMA 2007-017
Telyushenkoite CsNa6[Be2Al3Si15O39F2] trig., P3m1 IMA 2001-012

Leifite group mineral structure: framework of 6-membered tetragonal (Si,Al) rings and 4-membered tetragonal Si rings. Be tetrahedra connect three 4-membered rings that 7-membered rings of all three tetrahedra types are formed (Sokolova et al., 2002).


 
9.EG.30. Nafertisite
 
Nafertisite Na3Fe3+10Ti2(Si6O17)2O2(OH)6F·2H2O IMA 1994-007


 
9.EG.35. Sarcolite
 
Sarcolite Na4Ca12Al8Si12O46(SiO4,PO4)(OH,H2O)(CO3,Cl) G


 
9.EG.40. Magadiite
 
Magadiite H4-xSi10O22·x[Na(H2O)4O]    (x ca. 1.44) tric., P1 IMA 1967-017



 
 
9.EH. Unclassified phyllosilicates
 
9.EH.05. Lourenswalsite
 
Lourenswalsite (K,Ba)2Ti4(Si,Al)6O14(OH)12 IMA 1987-005



 
 

G = Grandfathered minerals: original description preceded the establishment of the CNMNC in 1959, and generally regarded as a valid species
A or IMA No. = Minerals approved by the CNMNC
Rd = Redefinition of the mineral approved by the CNMNC
Rn = Renamed with approval by the CNMNC
Q = Questionable mineral


© Thomas Witzke (2007-2021)


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