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MINERAL CLASSIFICATION / SYSTEMATIK der MINERALE

           based on E.H. Nickel & M.C. Nichols (2009), H. Strunz & E.H. Nickel (2001),
           revised by Thomas Witzke (2023)



4. OXIDES, HYDROXIDES
(Oxides, Hydroxides, V[5,6]-Vanadates, Arsenites, Antimonites, Bismutites, Sulfites, Selenites, Tellurites, Iodates)


4.C: Metal : Oxygen = 2 : 3, 3 : 5, and similar


4.CA. With small and medium-sized cations
 
4.CA.005. Corundum-Ilmenite group
 
     005 a. Corundum series
Corundum  /  Korund Al2O3 trig., R3c FOTO G
Karelianite V2O3 trig., R3c A
Eskolaite Cr2O3 trig., R3c G
Hematite  /  Hämatit Fe2O3 trig., R3c FOTO A
Tistarit Ti2O3 trig., R3c IMA 2008-016
 
     005 b. Ilmenite series
Akimotoite MgSiO3 trig., R3 IMA 1997-044
Hemleyite FeSiO3 trig., R3 IMA 2016-085
Geikielite MgTiO3 trig., R3 FOTO G
Pyrophanite MnTiO3 trig., R3 FOTO G
Ilmenite FeTiO3 trig., R3 G
Ecandrewsite ZnTiO3 trig., R3 IMA 1978-082
Melanostibite Mn2+(Sb5+,Fe3+)O3 trig., R3 A
Brizziite NaSbO3 trig., R3 IMA 1993-044
Pauloabibite NaNbO3 trig., R3 IMA 2012-090
 
     005 c. Wangdaodeite
Wangdaodeite FeTiO3 trig., R3c IMA 2016-007


 
4.CA.010. Bixbyite group
 
     010 a. Bixbyite subgroup
Bixbyite-(Mn) Mn2O3 cub., Ia3 A
Bixbyite-(Fe) (Fe,Mn)2O3 cub., Ia3 A
Kangite (Sc,Ti,Al,Zr,Mg,Ca,□)2O3 cub., Ia3 IMA 2011-092
Yttriaite-(Y) Y2O3 cub., Ia3 IMA 2010-039
Avicennite Tl2O3 cub., Ia3 G
 
     010 b. Mcalpineite
Mcalpineite Cu3TeO6 cub., Ia3 FOTO IMA 1992-025
 
     010 c. Panguite
Panguite (Ti,Al,Sc,Mg,Zr,Ca)1.8O3 orth., Pbca, ps.-cub. IMA 2010-057


 
4.CA.015. Deltalumite
 
Deltalumite δ-Al2O3 tetr., P4m2 IMA 2016-027


 
4.CA.020. Luogufengite
 
Luogufengite ε-Fe2O3 orth., Pna21 IMA 2016-005


 
4.CA.025. Carmeltazite
 
Carmeltazite ZrAl2Ti4O11 orth., Pnma IMA 2018-103


 
4.CA.030. Jianmuite
 
Jianmuite ZrTi4+Ti3+5Al3O16 tetr., I4 IMA 2023-057


 
4.CA.035. Allendeite
 
Allendeite Sc4Zr3O12 trig., R3 IMA 2007-027


 
4.CA.040. Byrudite group
 
Byrudite (Be,□)2(V3+,Ti)3O6 orth., Pnma IMA 2013-045
Verbierite BeCr2TiO6 orth., Pnma IMA 2015-089


 
4.CA.045. Pseudobrookite group
 
Griffinite Al2TiO5 orth., Cmcm IMA 2021-110
Pseudobrookite Fe2TiO5 orth., Bbmm FOTO Rd
Armalcolite (Mg,Fe2+)Ti2O5 orth., Bbmm FOTO Rd


 
4.CA.050. Berdesinskiite group
 
Kaitianite Ti3+2Ti4+O5 mon., C2/c IMA 2017-078a
Berdesinskiite V2TiO5 mon. IMA 1980-036
Oxyvanite V3O5 mon., C2/c IMA 2008-044


 
4.CA.055. Magnéliite
 
Magnéliite Ti3+2Ti4+2O7 tric., P1 IMA 2021-111


 
4.CA.060. Schreyerite group
 
Machiite Al2Ti3O9 mon. IMA 2016-067
Schreyerite V3+2Ti3O9 mon. IMA 1976-004
Olkhonskite Cr2Ti3O9 mon. IMA 1993-035
Vestaite (Ti4+Fe2+)Ti4+3O9 mon., C2/c IMA 2017-068


 
4.CA.065. Kyzylkumite
 
Kyzylkumite Ti2V3+O5(OH) mon. FOTO IMA 1980-081


 
4.CA.070. Nolanite group
 
Nolanite (V,Fe,Ti)10O14(OH)2 hex., P63mc G
Rinmanite Mg2Fe4Zn2Sb2O14(OH)2 hex., P63mc IMA 2000-036


 
4.CA.075. Högbomite group (stacking of Spinel T2M4O8 and Nolanite TM4O7(OH) modules, Ti > Sn) [ Högbomite supergroup]
 
Magnesiohögbomite-2N2S (Al,Mg,Fe,Ti)22(O,OH)32 hex., P63mc Rn
Magnesiohögbomite-2N3S (Mg,Fe,Zn,Ti)4(Al,Fe)10O19(OH) hex. Rn
Magnesiohögbomite-2N4S (Mg8.43Fe1.57)Al22Ti2O46(OH)2 hex., P63mc IMA 2010-084
Magnesiohögbomite-6N6S (Mg,Al,Fe)3(Al,Ti)8O15(OH) trig. Rn
Magnesiohögbomite-6N12S Mg5Al11TiO23(OH) trig., R3m IMA 2020-029
Ferrohögbomite-2N2S (Fe,Mg,Zn,Al)3(Al,Ti,Fe)8O15(OH) hex., P63mc IMA 2001-048
Zincohögbomite-2N2S (Zn,Al,Fe)3(Al,Fe,Ti)8O15(OH) hex., P63mc FOTO Rn
Zincohögbomite-2N6S (Zn,Al,Fe)7(Al,Fe,Ti,Mg)16O31(OH)2 hex., P63mc Rn


 
4.CA.080. Beltrandoite group (stacking of Spinel T2M4O8 and Nolanite TM4O7(OH) modules, Fe3+ > Ti,Sn) [ Högbomite supergroup]
 
Magnesiobeltrandoite-2N3S Mg8Al18Fe3+2O38(OH)2 trig., P3m1 IMA 2016-073


 
4.CA.085. Nigerite group (stacking of Spinel T2M4O8 and Nolanite TM4O7(OH) modules, Sn > Ti) [ Högbomite supergroup]
 
Ferronigerite-2N1S (Al,Fe,Zn)2(Al,Sn)6O11(OH) trig., P3m1 Rn
Ferronigerite-6N6S (Al,Fe,Zn)3(Al,Sn,Fe)8O15(OH) trig., R3m FOTO Rn
Magnesionigerite-2N1S (Mg,Al,Zn)2(Al,Sn)6O11(OH) trig., P3m1 IMA 1988-010, Rn
Magnesionigerite-6N6S (Mg,Al,Zn)3(Al,Sn,Fe)8O15(OH) trig. Rn
Zinconigerite-2N1S ZnSn2Al12O22(OH)2 trig., P3m1 IMA 2018-037
Zinconigerit-6N6S Zn3Sn2Al16O30(OH)2 trig., R3m IMA 2018-122a

Magnesionigerite-2N1S, originally described as Pengzhizhongite-6R, renamed (2002).
Magnesionigerite-6N6S, originally described as Pengzhizhongite-24R, renamed (2002).
Ferronigerite-2N1S, originally described as Nigerite, renamed (2002).
Ferronigerite-6N6S, originally described as Nigerite-24R, renamed (2002).


 
4.CA.090. Velesite group (stacking of Spinel T2M4O8 and Nolanite TM4O7(OH) modules, Fe3+ > Al) [ Högbomite supergroup]
 
Zincovelesite-6N6S Zn3(Fe3+,Mn,Al,Ti)8O15(OH) trig., P3m1 IMA 2017-034


 
4.CA.095. Taaffeite group (stacking of Spinel T2M4O8 and modified Nolanite BeTM4O8 modules) [ Högbomite supergroup]
 
Magnesiotaaffeite-2N'2S BeMg3Al8O16 hex., P63mc Rn
Magnesiotaaffeite-6N'3S BeMg2Al6O12 trig., R3m Rn
Ferrotaaffeite-2N'2S Be(Fe,Mg,Zn)3Al8O16 hex., P63mc IMA 2011-025
Ferrotaaffeite-6N'3S BeFe2Al6O12 trig., R3m Rn

Magnesiotaaffeite-2N'2S, originally described as Taaffeite, renamed.
Magnesiotaaffeite-6N'3S, originally described as Musgravite, renamed.
Ferrotaaffeite-6N'3S, originally described as Pehrmanite, renamed.


 
4.CA.100. Kamiokite group
 
Majindeite Mg2Mo4+3O8 hex., P63mc IMA 2012-079
Iseite Mn2+2Mo4+3O8 hex., P63mc IMA 2012-020
Kamiokite Fe2+2Mo4+3O8 hex., P63mc FOTO IMA 1975-003


 
4.CA.105. Claudetite group
 
Claudetite As2O3 mon., P21/n FOTO A
Stibioclaudetite AsSbO3 mon., P21/n IMA 2007-028


 
4.CA.110. Arsenolite group
 
Arsenolite As2O3 cub., Fd3m FOTO G
Sénarmontite Sb2O3 cub., Fd3m FOTO G


 
4.CA.115. Valentinite
 
Valentinite Sb2O3 orth., Pccn A



 
 
4.CB. With large and small to medium-sized cations
 
4.CB.005. Grossite
 
Grossite CaAl4O7 mon., C2/c IMA 1993-052
Grandiferrite CaFe4O7 mon. FOTO -

"Grandiferrite" was described from a burning coal mine dump from Kopeisk, Ural, Russia, without IMA approval.


 
4.CB.010. Warkite group [Sapphirine supergroup]
 
Addibischoffite Ca2Al6Al6O20 tric., P1 IMA 2015-006
Warkite Ca2Sc6Al6O20 tric., P1 IMA 2013129
Beckettite Ca2V6Al6O20 tric., P1 IMA 2015-001


 
4.CB.015. Mayenite group
 
Fluormayenite Ca12Al14O32□4F2 cub., I43d IMA 2013-019
Chlormayenite Ca12Al14O32□4Cl2 cub., I43d Rd
Fluorkyuygenite Ca12Al14O32(H2O)4F2 cub., I43d IMA 2013-043
Chlorkyuygenite Ca12Al14O32(H2O)4Cl2 cub., I43d IMA 2012-046, Rn

Chlormayenite, redefined and renamed, originally described as mayenite.
Chlorkyuygenite, renamed, originally describes as kyuygenite.


 
4.CB.020. Perovskite group [Perovskite supergroup, Single perovskites ABX3]
 
     020 a. Bridgmanite subgroup
Bridgmanite MgSiO3 orth., Pbnm IMA 2014-017
Hiroseit FeSiO3 orth., Pbnm IMA 2019-019
Davemaoite CaSiO3 cub., Pm3m IMA 2020-012a
 
     020 b. Perovskite subgroup
Perovskite CaTiO3 orth., Pbnm G
Tausonite SrTiO3 cub., Pm3m FOTO IMA 1982-077
Barioperovskite BaTiO3 orth., Amm2 IMA 2006-040
Macedonite PbTiO3 tetr., P4mm IMA 1970-010
Liuite FeTiO3 orth., Pnma IMA 2017-042a
Loparite-(Ce) (Na,Ce,Sr)0.5(Ce,Th)0.5(Ti,Nb)O3 orth., Pbnm FOTO A
Heamanite-(Ce) K0.5(Ce,Th)0.5(Ti,Nb)O3 cub., Pm3m A
Megawite CaSnO3 orth., Pnma IMA 2009-090
Lakargiite CaZrO3 orth., Pnma IMA 2007-014
Lueshite NaNbO3 orth., Pbnm FOTO A
Isolueshite NaNbO3 cub., Pm3m IMA 1995-024
Goldschmidtite KNbO3 cub., Pm3m IMA 2017-034
 
     020 Appendix. Natroniobite
Natroniobite NaNbO3 mon. Q

Natroniobite is a very questionable mineral and is not discussed in the perovskite supergroup nomenclature of Mitchell et al. (2017) Min. Mag. 81, 411-461. The structure is unknown.


 
4.CB.025. Latrappite group [Perovskite supergroup, Double perovskites A2BB'X6]
 
Latrappite Ca2NbFeO6 mon., P21/n FOTO IMA 1964-019
Vapnikite Ca2CaUO6 mon., P21/n IMA 2013-082


 
4.CB.030. Yafsoanite [Garnet supergroup]
 
Yafsoanite Ca3Te2Zn3O12 cub., Ia3d IMA 1981-022


 
4.CB.035. Bitikleite group [Garnet supergroup]
 
Bitikleit Ca3Sb5+Sn4+(AlO4)3 cub., Ia3d IMA 2009-052, Rn
Dzhuluite Ca3Sb5+Sn4+(Fe3+O4)3 cub., Ia3d IMA 2010-064, Rn
Usturite Ca3Sb5+Zr(Fe3+O4)3 cub., Ia3d IMA 2009-053, Rn
Elbrusite Ca3U6+0.5Zr1.5(Fe3+O4)3 cub., Ia3d IMA 2009-051, Rn
Monteneveite Ca3Sb5+2(Fe3+2Fe2+)O12 cub., Ia3d IMA 2018-060
Priscillagrewite-(Y) YCa2Zr2(AlO4)3 cub., Ia3d IMA 2020-002

Bitikleite, renamed, originally described as Bitikleit-(SnAl).
Dzhuluite, renamed, originally described as Bitikleit-(SnFe).
Usturite, renamed, originally described as Bitikleit-(ZrFe).
Elbrusite, renamed, originally described as Elbrusite-(Zr).


 
4.CB.040. Crichtonite group
 
Mathiasite (K,Ba)(Zr,Fe)(Mg,Fe)2(Ti,Cr,Fe)18O38 trig., R3 IMA 1982-087
Loveringite (Ca,Ce)(Zr,Fe)(Mg,Fe)2(Ti,Fe)18O38 trig., R3 IMA 1977-023
Botuobinskite SrFe2+Mg2(Ti4+12Cr3+6)O36(OH)2 trig., R3 IMA 2018-143a
Mirnyite SrZr4+Mg2(Ti4+12Cr3+6)O38 trig., R3 IMA 2018-144a
Saranovskite SrCaFe2+2(Cr4Ti2)Ti12O38 trig., R3 IMA 2020-015
Crichtonite Sr(Mn,Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH)38 trig., R3 FOTO A
Senaite Pb(Mn,Y,U)(Fe,Zn)2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH)38 trig., R3 FOTO G
Dessauite-(Y) (Sr,Pb)(Y,U,Mn)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH)38 trig., R3 IMA 1994-057
Gramaccioliite-(Y) (Pb,Sr)(Y,Mn)Fe2(Ti,Fe)18O38 trig., R3 FOTO IMA 2001-034
Davidite-(La) La(Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe)18(O,OH,F)38 trig., R3 FOTO A
Davidite-(Ce) Ce(Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe)18(O,OH,F)38 trig., R3 FOTO A
Lindsleyite (Ba,Sr)(Zr,Ca)(Fe,Mg)2(Ti,Cr)18O38 trig., R3 IMA 1982-086
Mianningite (□,Pb,Ce,Na)(U4+,Mn,U6+)Fe3+2(Ti,Fe3+)18O38 trig., R3 IMA 2014-072
Mapiquiroite (Sr,Pb)(U,Y)Fe2(Ti,Fe3+,Cr3+)18O38 trig., R3 IMA 2013-010
Haitaite-(La) LaU4+Fe3+2(Ti13Fe2+4Fe3+)O38 trig., R3 IMA 2019-033a
Cleusonite Pb(U4+,U6+)Fe2(Ti,Fe)18(O,OH)38 trig., R3 FOTO IMA 1998-070
Landauite (Na,Pb)(Mn,Y)(Zn,Fe)2(Ti,Fe,Nb)18(O,OH,F)38 trig., R3 IMA 1965-033
Almeidaite Pb(Mn,Y)Zn2(Ti,Fe3+)18O37(OH,O) trig., R3 IMA 2013-020
Paseroite PbMn2+(Fe3+,□)2(V5+,Ti,□)18O38 trig., R3 IMA 2011-069


 
4.CB.045. Diaoyudaoite group
 
Diaoyudaoite NaAl11O17 hex., P63/mmc IMA 1985-005
Kahlenbergite KAl11O17 hex., P63/mmc IMA 2018-158
Shagamite KFe11O17 hex., P63/mmc IMA 2020-091

The existence of diaoyudaoite in nature needs to be confirmed, it is probably an industrial waste product.


 
4.CB.050. Magnetoplumbite group
 
     050 a. Hibonite subgroup
Hibonite CaAl12O19 hex., P63/mmc G
Gorerite CaAlFe11O19 hex., P63/mmc IMA 2019-080
 
     050 b. Hawthorneite subgroup
Hawthorneite BaMgTi3Cr4Fe4O19 hex., P63/mmc IMA 1988-019
Haggertyite (Ba,K)Fe6Ti5MgO19 hex., P63/mmc IMA 1996-054
Batiferrite BaTi2Fe10O19 hex., P63/mmc FOTO IMA 1997-038
Barioferrit BaFe12O19 hex., P63/mmc IMA 2009-030
 
     050 c. Magnetoplumbite subgroup
Magnetoplumbite PbFe12O19 hex., P63/mmc G
Plumboferrite Pb2(Fe,Mn,Mg)11O19 hex., P63/mmc G
Nežilovite PbZn2(Mn,Ti)2Fe8O19 hex., P63/mmc FOTO IMA 1994-020
 
     050 d. Chihuahuaite
Chihuahuaite FeAl12O19 hex., P63/mmc IMA 2009-027, Rn
 
     050 e. Yimengite
Yimengite K(Cr,Ti,Fe,Mg)12O19 hex., P63/mmc IMA 1982-046
 
     050 f. Mizraite-(Ce)
Mizraite-(Ce) Ce(Al11Mg)O19 hex., P63/mmc IMA 2022-027

Chihuahuaite, originally described as Hibonite-(Fe), renamed.


 
4.CB.055. Lindqvistite
 
Lindqvistite Pb2(Mn,Mg)Fe16O27 hex., P63/mmc IMA 1991-038


 
4.CB.060. Freudenbergite
 
Freudenbergite Na2(Ti,Fe)8O16 mon., C2/m A


 
4.CB.065. Jeppeite group
 
Nixonite Na2Ti6O13 mon., C2/m IMA 2018-133
Jeppeite (K,Ba)2(Ti,Fe)6O13 mon., C2/m FOTO IMA 1980-080


 
4.CB.070. Donwilhelmsite group
 
Donwilhelmsite CaAl4Si2O11 hex., P63/mmc IMA 2018-113
Zagamiite CaAl2Si3.5O11 hex., P63/mmc IMA 2015-022a


 
4.CB.075. Zenzénite
 
Zenzénite Pb3(Fe,Mn)4Mn3O15 hex., P63/mcm IMA 1990-031



 
 
4.CC. With only large (and nearly only large) cations
 
4.CC.005. Bismite
 
Bismite Bi2O3 mon., P21/c G


 
4.CC.010. Sphaerobismoite
 
Sphaerobismoite Bi2O3 tetr. IMA 1993-009


 
4.CC.015. Sillénite
 
Sillénite Bi12SiO20 cub., I23 FOTO G


 
4.CC.020. Chrombismite
 
Chrombismite Bi16CrO27 tetr. IMA 1995-044






 
 

G = Grandfathered minerals: original description preceded the establishment of the CNMNC in 1959, and generally regarded as a valid species
A or IMA No. = Minerals approved by the CNMNC
Rd = Redefinition of the mineral approved by the CNMNC
Rn = Renamed with approval by the CNMNC
Q = Questionable mineral

To distinguish from classical Strunz numbering, on hierarchical "group" level, a numbering with 3 digits is used, like "4.CA.005. Corundum-Ilmenite group", instead of 2 digits (like "4.CA.05.") in the Strunz system.


© Thomas Witzke (2023)


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